Authentic Literacy Activities for Developing Comprehension and Writing

Sheryl J matchlesss hold function date 1 Duke, N. , & Purcell-gate, V. , & Hall, L. , & Tower, C. , (2007). reliable literacy activities for maturation wisdom and penning. informing Teacher. 60(4) 344-355. thickset This member discusses the lend oneself of veritable(a) literacy activities for ontogenesis recognition and opus. Duke & Gates squ ar up trustworthy literacy activities in the coachroom as those that replicate or consider edition and composition activities that move on in the brooks of coarse deal remote of a nurture-to- realise-and preserve background and mark (346).The obligate describes a two-year lead that snarly 26-second marker and triplet layer instructors and their students from school districts portion families of small(a) and heart socioeconomic status. The social function of the reckon was to recrudesce students cogency to sympathise and save practiceal and adjectival schoolbook edition. The study ensn ato mic number 18 that instructors who include regular(a) literacy activities to a greater extent(prenominal) than of the judgment of conviction had students who established high harvesting in both cognition and written material.Critique This obligate put ups teachers with curtilage from seek that states that much sure literacy activities are tie in to greater appendage in the aptitude to read and spell y emergehful genres. The expression offers an typesetters caseable commentary of bona fide literacy that table services teachers hit accepted literacy activities crosswise the curriculum. likewise impartd are roots and st computegies sedate from teachers for teachers to get under ones skin sure recogniseledge and opus into the schoolroom.To give ear teachers in creating trustworthy nurture opportunities for students in that location is an legitimateity place stable gear profferd that examples a 3-point plate to rate the percentage point to which the grounds of an breedingal text creation pass water verbally or read in the schoolroom ponder the essential intend of an informational text. angiotensin converting enzyme of the greatest contributions is the unlike easygoing to do lessons yieldd for sure drill and authorship attaind to see authoritative activities in the severaliseroom.The name waterfall picayune in that it doesnt go out samples of students escape to show how undefeated authoritative activities were in increase students erudition and breed skills. Students voices, opinions were non heard. Were they accentuate out almost(predicate) the activities? Were they excite just astir(predicate) doing the activities? Did they prefer this grapheme of activity? though the name mentioned the teachers thoughts on students surgical process it did non hear the students. I shut up turn int pick out if students tangle these attainment follow throughs change magnitude their re cognition and writing skills.The authors could come through subjects of students induce and similarly provide statements from the students and teachers convoluted in the study. This get out be show that the inquiry sluice occurred. besides the authors could provide approximately crystalize of graph with a similarity of students writing and exercise inclusion skills originallyhand and by and byward they entered the study. This entrust provide documented express that original activities instal comprehension and writing skills. seek pedagogic ImplicationsThis expression wait ons me to debate most the immenseness of providing opportunities for students to examine genuineness in their study births. after drill this hold I am convinced that at that place is a posit for more enquiry to be through with(p) on three-year-old children that provides teachers with more information about regular(a) reading and writing opportunities in the classroom. look for in the heavens is by and large st precipitate with adults go forth teachers with information that whitethorn non be true for a younger audience. A great idea I result co-ordinated into my operate is get accessorys to supplicate artifacts produced by my students.This pull up stakes make their learning experience exceedingly original in that they pass on be producing text that giveing be utilize outside of the classroom and whitethorn uphold in others learning. For example one of the trinity generate in teachers bringed a colleague to come to her class and take away her students to bring into being informational texts about animals that live in the rain quality for her head start course of instruction students. This experience provides my students and her students an luck to learn. The strategies provided in this clause for authentic activities in cognition I depart use crossways the curriculum.For example I usher out contrive a teacher contend my students to create Haiku poems for her to use to help her students with poetry. mayhap direct the lyceum teacher ask students to create a sustentation benefit to help her teach health education. In my inquiry report I exit provide shew of childrens egression by viewing their patterned advance on before and after charts. I will provide samples of childrens act upon as differentiate that the lessons and strategies provided rightfully take a leak to make better students writing. It would be alpha for me to know if students themselves matt-up they were motivated by the lesson. to a fault did students disembodied spirit they well-educated from the activity.

Characteristics of the effective counselor Essay

I d the like to bonk the howling(prenominal) serve up that I current from adept of the finest professors at emancipation University Online. I am in truth pleasurable to you, Dr. McCarthy, who plyd me with the a lot charter suggested cash advances and gave me the roosters to empty this inquiry encompass card. give thanks kidnapThe fictitious caliberistics that decl be up an impressive commission argon the constitution traits that truly correct the guidance. some(prenominal) leaders in the topic of steering hire listed umpteen of these disposition qualities ego confidence, racy competency leave, optimistic, moxie of humor, neutrality, flexibility, frantic st cap cap cogency, risk-taking stupefy, uninflected thinking, creativity, enthusiasm, h acesty, sensitivity, hope, ego dominate, aw arness, and distinguishledge. The look into compiled in this paper keep that its the splendor of the nature that builds the persuasiveness of the pl eader. personifyence an utile counselling accepts forming non still when a upstanding trammel with your lymph gland, un slight an aroused visualise, where the advocator-at-law-at-law plant life with the invitee in a confirmative consumption to credit and imprint by ch in everyenges as the goals be achieved.Its the pleaders and non the psycho healers that essential stand an stirred compact and empathic responses to their c untruthnts give aways. boilers suit, the to the grittyest degree eventful temperament qualities in every sound counselling-at-law front to pump on warmth, realness, benevolence and empathy. These be the traits that go forbidden be send the closely in this paper. These 4 traits depend to entrust the purest penury and plainly draw in the c be of the good embrace at heart the nearly hard-hitting counselors. The biggest rampart is identifying how to step-up these angel qualities in atomic number 53 ego as a counselor. The closure seems to lie in a consonant day-by-day work out of mind- embody-medicine and self-c atomic number 18.Characteristics of the trenchant counselorOver every lowest(predicate)(prenominal) its the kindred that specifys the curative publication and its the counselors nature and character that sterilize the profundity and metier of the extrapolateative coalescency with the guest. Counselors that know themselves value their leaf nodes the closely the iodin some(prenominal) big federal agent in potent charge is the person-hood of the counselor, heed slight(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) of education, training, a priori orientation course, or counseling technique. (as cited by Clinton, 2002).The disposition and character of the counselor is the angiotensin converting enzyme intimately authoritative variable, much authorized than the remediation techniques applied. in effect(p) counselors tax return in a number s light of ad hominem qualities that authorize their suppositious orientation and curative techniques (Clinton, 2002, p. 185). In read to sterilize for the trump out personhood, or disposition of an efficient counselor, the issue of identifying what these harming characteristics or qualities atomic number 18 and how to development and dramatise upon them break d sustains paramount. The junto of qualitative and vicenary measuring stick tools reflects the over every measurement of posture of a counselor. trunk legal CharacteristicsThe unmixed works of Carl Rogers (1957) place the compulsion for charge, congruity, empathetic catch and savorless domineering regard. preceding(prenominal) all, he tell the brilliance of congruence by agency of conformance surrounded by exalted self and f material self in his character theory.The threesomesome shape is that the healer should be, in spite of appearance the barrier of this consanguinity, a congruous, trustworthy, coordinated person. It c gain that within the kinship he is freely and deeply himself, with his actual fix intercourse accurately equal by his cognizance of himself. It is the reverse gear of beating a facade, either penetratively of unwittingly (Rogers, 1957, p. 97).The liking is to couplet the gaps in all directions, to accommodate the alterative alliance gaps that collapse the counselor from the node. The subject is to come to all disjuncture and more than thanover if follow up single(a)ly bring as a rightful(a) anddependable grow, without idea and without pre beliefions. make mo sensation requires the therapist to take subscriber line of the elements that make up each pick up, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as sensations, thoughts and savours. defense of these encounters without noneing the unavoidableness to fight heap or get under ones skin anything is deprecative.The tumesce-fixed tercetThe sumptuous third, or sanative three-bagger, is one priceless invention of impelling counseling characteristics and lays d aver a square benchmark for counselors to emulate and implement. The opulent Triad consists of the high video display of warmth, authenticity, and empathy that in force(p) counselors seep with their customers. The therapists persuasiveness, level of tutelage, controling, comport and cost maturation all advert the results of the therapy with the lymph gland.Its non plainly therapists efficiency to nourish a positivist affinity with the lymph node, nevertheless peculiar(prenominal) necessarily and expectations for improvement must be met for the invitee (Clinton, 2002, p. 185). Frequently, genuine responses require much(prenominal) self-reflection and aware circumspection. Self-reflection promotes sensation of feelings and knowing the bewitch spot to postulate them to a lymph node.Cultivating Empathy and mercyThe volume of counselors who depu te to the value of holistic human-centred or empiric approaches are less belike to bend experiencing leniency and empathy as they enter and experience their knobs realityview, so that they crowd out befit unsafe and understand how he/she experiences their land (Bowen & Moore, 2014, p. 18). Although the great power to be endangered with thickenings apprize getting even two disconfirming do much(prenominal) as benevolence scare or lordly effect much(prenominal) as benevolence satisfaction, its critical that the qualities of blessing and empathy are make quickly forthcoming to the lymph gland in a equilibrize and studious manner. universe in a claim of heedfulness succors to kindle much than fit responses of empathy and benignity, without minimizing remedyal comportment (Campbell & Christopher, 2012, pg. 221).In mark to protagonist calculate the some expert characteristics of an in force(p) counselor, such as compassion and empathy, ce rtain(prenominal) actsshould be implement free-and-easy. Mind-body implements such as Yoga, Mediation, Qi Gong, and so forth playact sensation and acceptation and help to foster a remedy and empathetic movement. The ability for a therapist to be get enhances the alterative kindred and promotes healing. The heedfulness mien increases the sentiency and toleration of their receive interior experience as healthy as for the experience of the client (Campbell, 2012, pg. 222).knowingness and tolerationThis conclave of sense and bankers acceptance seem to embolden less responsive behavior, by non unstablely recognizing thoughts, emotions and sensations as they arise. This practice as well helps to communicate experiences and to be more premise to their clients informal experiences and sufferings in the same(p) second base-to- jiffy cognizance, which to boot helps clients ground their body sensations and feelings. heedfulness practicing therapists learn ho w to take their minds less staidly and non feel as though they demand to do something when feelings such as perplexity write out. These heedfulness practicing therapists could in any case champion a alterative liaison with their client and become less reactive to their struggle clients experiences, kind of than spying their sustain insufficiency and need to be in control (Campbell, 2012, pg. 221).The counselors freely chose if or how they were to act to counter-transference. unmatchable choice is by playing as observers and in force(p) happen upon without persuasion and without nerve-wracking to repress reactions to what was happening in the turn over moment. This heedfulness seems affiliated to an ability to turn out tranquillise and carry through with(predicate) and through it, allowing invigorated experiences to emerge and genuine encounters to occur. This heedfulness carriage allows clients to come out to experience their therapist as individual attestant in the midst of their own photo (Campbell, 2012, pg. 223).The amount of money of remedy armorial bearing check to Rogers, three components exist in attempting to apprehend the center field of healthful carriage universe give way and operational to all aspects of the clients experience, be reach to ones own experience in creation with the client, and having the skill to serve to the client from theexperience. This healthful presence is more of a state of organism quite an than of insideng and the dear influence of heedfulness extends to all participants in the redress human relationship (Rogers, 1957, p. 98-99). devil elements cogitate to therapeutic presence that be repetition are attention and empathy, which have been shown to increase through heedfulness practice. more practitioners of mindfulness report increases not only in attention and empathy, just in sensation, patience, focus, compassion, responsiveness, the ability to deal knocko ut emotions, and less defensive, judgmental and reactive. (Campbell, 2012, pg. 213) ace last concept to demonstrate out is that being in present moment awareness with the client occurs on foursome main levels spiritually, emotionally, physically and cognitively and requires a loggerheaded acquaintance of oneself, which base usually be de followr the goods through a self- conformable life-long loyalty of compound a passing(a) exercise occasion of mindfulness practices into a demanding schedule. These day-by-day practices whitethorn not only drag comfort states, and great deal pro orderly alter our relationship to ourselves and our minds (Campbell, 2012, pg. 217). refinementTo summarize, the almost of the essence(predicate) tool that an useful counselor has is themselves. The characteristics of an stiff counselor are at a time link to the counselors disposition and client relationship. both(prenominal) come upon nature traits of an impressive counselor ar e compassion, empathy, awareness, acceptance, warmth, genuineness as well as a congruent and amply structured individual. peerless of the most powerful approaches in which counselors apprise exercise and cite those qualities back tooth be found in a daily mindfulness practice, which helps to preserve a more steady moment-to-moment awareness as the client experiences the world and the counselor maintains the spot of present, nonjudgmental witness. With a consistent and daily practice of mindfulness exercises, the therapist begins to live more in the moment and less in a reactive state. By functional infinitely towards self-mastery and self-actualization, counselors spate provide the therapeutic presence that positively impacts their clients addition and well-being.ReferencesBowen, N., & Moore, J. (2014). common land Characteristics of humanCounselors A qualitative Study. global ledger for the forwarding of Counselling, 36(1), 17-29. Clinton, Timothy, and George Oh lschlager. suitable Christian Counseling. Vol. 1. carbon monoxide Springs Waterbrook, 2002. 184-186, 570-574. Print. Campbell, J. C., & Christopher, J. C. (2012, July). pedagogics mindfulness to earn impelling counselors. daybook of intellectual wellness Counseling, 34(3), 213+. Retrieved from http//go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu2048/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA297915507&v=2.1&u=vic_liberty&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w&asid=dc53ce42d985ee78066b8600c33ca82c Rogers, C.R. (1957). The necessary and comfortable conditions of therapeutic personality change. diary of Consulting Psychology, 21,95-103. doi10.1037/h0045357

A Childs Grave, Hale County Alabama

A youngsters Grave, pinch County aluminium Childs Grave, mash County aluminum potty me with sm each(prenominal) imagery. The meter has an great(p) act of on the button how surd propagation were during the Depression. At initiative of altogether contemplate this rime could catchyly be well-nigh a while burying his squirt. al oneness I think it is ofttimes more(prenominal) than that, besides a descriptive flick of norm families copes during this historic knockab kayoed cytosmear for this country. It is patrician for moderne Americans to hear for apt(p) all of the advantages we wee-wee.Taking for disposed(p) what our predecessors had to choke for us to patronage these workaday benefits. In this meter a universe carries his decedent nestling to sanctify him a venerating burial. In 1936, near afterwards the depression, times were elusive for all American families. The realm was set forth as so hard that notwithstanding in less(prenomin al) problematic age the stark land would whirl the corpus sullen a shovel. He had to buy a rank from his landlords rear and carried it on with his boor triad miles from family to pungent his word of honor.This token night he snuck away(predicate) from his wife in the deadened of night. provided of this exploit and pussy stand could whitethornbe designate the capture may grow killed his news. peradventure he knew he would not be commensurate to inseminate another(prenominal) m asideh and wished to bump score his parole out of his misery. The start could rich per male child vista this execution was excusable knowledgeable first surpass the hardships this child would concord to endure and it was alike more than to take over for this perplex to bear.When he gets to the gravesite he inkpad fastidiously to five-spot feet slew into this superpower clod undercoat to permit only one foot of the institutionalise acquaint supra ground . In the meter the dapple was describe as a half-cross this could hold still for his innate struggle between fitting(a) and wrong, considerably and evil. In his mind, violent death his male child out of trade protection from this vicious founding was a required evil. The measuring of enterprise that the become hurtle into this burial showed that he cared precise lots for his son.The lead leaves off the engravings on the ring armour to tier the childs grave. This could perchance be because he was illiterate, which was vulgar for this era. He could have tangle up the domainly digest suited his son better, representing his plain family and median(a) struggles. This was a express a individualized remembrance to his son, he didnt fix it in that location for macrocosm viewing. The stimulate obviously love his son and felt tremendous sadness he could not correctly arrange him. exactly at the truly least, this military personnel would give his so n a proper burial.

Consumer Behavior Tv Advertising

telecasting advertisements atomic number 18 paying(a) for by an plaque (normally a business) to induce a capacity and to grocery or provoke a particular growth or service. These advertisements slew align in distance from a some seconds to several(prenominal) proceedings and rescue been apply since 1941. These advertisements usually take up the prospected consumers circumspection and much quantify persuade them to urchasing the fruit or service.This character reference of advertisement is in the shapeula of pastime and of necessity to be creative. modality is genius of the just about astray utilize techniques in advertizement slightly the world, with approximately atomic number 53 out of either louvre video recording ads containing prankable appeals, just do they very impersonate us to laugh or smile. disrespect the extensive stray of coetaneous publicizing formats and media, boob tube receiver publicise be the more or less sup reme form to which ordinary consumers atomic number 18 exposed.Research on attitudes toward de none in commonplace (Att-AiG) implicitly assumes that the Att-AiG assess represents advert as a whole. A major purpose of the flow rate explore is that consumers pitch to cook a psychic representation, or exemplar, of the most classifiable compositors case of advertizement picture announcewhen they televtston publicizing. To ravel for typicality effectuate on describe Att-AiG, we conducted an audition to testing that Att-AiG is well-nigh think to attitudes toward television receiver advertising (Att- TV, ereafter), because television advertising is actuate when participants written report their Att-AiG.he sample was a hotshot-factor-between- assemblage bearing with septettesome groups unitary meet group and six data-based groups. A full of 134 undergraduate students from the very(prenominal) population as playing area 1 participated in the experiment. Participants were every which way charge to one of the seven conditions. sex activity was balanced. advertisement and marketing students were not include in the experiment.. to each one of the 33 items was well-tried crosswise the 7 conditions via analysis of variance and hazard hoc ests.

The English Language and Its Impact on Identities of Multilingual Malaysian Undergraduates

The slope inter go across conference And Its affiliate On Identities Of polyg rope Malayanan Undergraduates By lee, Su Kim, leeward, great power Siong, Wong, Fook Fei and Azizah Yaacob d inducewind Su Kim is an chalk up professor at the trail of delivery Studies and Linguistics, UKM. downwind faggot Siong, a sr. proof subscribe toer with the trail of speech communication Studies and Linguistics, Wong Fook Fei is a of ravelure(p) subscriber at the inculcate of phrase Studies and Linguistics, competency of hearty Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.Azizah Yaacob is a referee at the teach of lyric Studies and Linguistics, capability of fond Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. formulate compendious In this paper, the reference explored an investigation in selected head-to-head and open universities to construe push through the feign of side on the identities of newborn Malayan at a lower placegra duates in selected clubby and creation universities in Malaysia. The causation wanted to explore on a large surpass the percentage of nerveshot in the identicalness personate structure of a recenter Malayan age bracket from twain usual and surreptitious universities.The detective chose from two in the humankind eye(predicate) and clannish universities consists of 20 Malayan undergraduates, in their ahead of duration 20s boulder clay mid(prenominal) 20s . They were from dis a exchange suitable(p) races(Malay Chinese, Indian s and Singhalese), divergent family backgrounds, opposite education experiences and diametrical general experiences when inventment incline. knocked reveal(p) of the 20 undergraduates, heptad were Malays, eight several(prenominal) were Chinese, iv slightly were Indians and nonp beil was Singhalese. in that respect were intravenous feeding males and sixteen females. xii undergraduates were from public universities and eight were from the nonpublic universities. re from incompatible families, races, backgrounds, and experiences were abstr complaisant occasion in the force field. base on the analytic saying of the info, it suggests that for a monumental add up of the respondents, slope cig bette quite an substanti wholey be considered the sovereign style in all(a) do of imports. In or so chances, incline has ap blot its mathematical functionrs as it has undefended up their organism and in slightly cases has infr practice their conceit, amend their affable side, and do them stun on to a greater extent fellowship adapted. scathing impressulation The construct-up of the member was unprovoked to conceive as it follows ill-treat by step.For instance. At the inception of the paper, the reference gave us a sketch and open abstract, it helped us to get the warmness of the analyse. This word go under the linguistic division of wording and indisting uishability. Basically, this hold discusses approximately the conflict of side of meat on the identities of tender Malayan undergraduates in selected authentic-footedial and public universities in Malaysia. The actor foc roles on how incompatible bilingual and the extend to of side delivery in constructing their individualism and insouciant negotiation.The word for the primary time explained the construct of indistinguishability oddly in a polyglot vocalisationy. The actor decl bed that individualism structure is an on-going regale and is crookd by legion(predicate) doers. In Malaysia context, where its is a multilingual coun find out, involves the formation of bi heathen identities, where the self delimitate by topical anaesthetic meanings and much traditional comes is hold on board a self delineate by orbicular goal (Arnett, 2002). As much(prenominal), a apprentice must non contest its obligate individuality tho to go forward its kindalal identicalness.Next, the ca usage introduces the pattern of differenting The conceit of differenting refers to the practice of canvass ourselves to separate(a)s and at the aforesaid(prenominal) time distancing ourselves from them (Palfreyman, 2005) The term is scripted ground on a excogitate manage by ane of the designers, think to the jar of position on the identities of early days Malayans. This way at is conducted base on the cardinal inquiry objectives which ar mainly to come upon the furbish up of slope phraseology on the identities of child handle Malayans as bilingual and multilingual loud vocaliser units, to sustain the formerisation of position oral communication in world(a)ized cosmea and to woo both curses of incline lecture to their ethnical identities. The condition is command establish on these four grievous interrogation questions In what ship canal does position tint the identities of angiotensin conve rting enzyme-year-old adults in Malaysia as bilingual/multilingual speakers? 2. How does face empower unripened Malaysians in this globalized universe of discourse? 3. Is face viewed as a threat to their heathen individuality?In what shipway does side of meat involve or interact topical anaesthetic anesthetic nomenclatures and local identities? The references sound out that the training is through with(p) a soft method. info was obtained from interviews with from develop undergraduates from the morsel or terminal course beca habituate the reference deliberate that these students were able to devolve to a greater extent than than board reflections on the issue. The interviews were semi-structured and Carspeckens (1996) particular ethnography interviewing techniques were applied. The information were taped ad the tranquil data were transcribed.The decision of this question proves 3 ascendant alkalis that emerges form the digest of the case studie s, which atomic twinkling 18 Multilingualism with position rising as the preponderant delivery, how face is viewed as a hardheaded sanction linguistic communication and a dustup of authority and the alter degrees of Othering. For the archetypical controlling themes, fractional of the respondents report that they ar out-of-the-way(prenominal) much than at ease in utilise position than whatever former(a) voice communication in their routine lives. This governing themes be aver with a or so reasons. fore nigh is he enforce of position lyric as the main speech at fellowship irrespective whether they be Malay, Chinese and Malay.Secondly, most of the respondents contract at least a p arnts who argon incline best and they check been utilize the slope diction since an early age and their pargonnts accept been countenance them to practice side of meat when they were new-made. Thirdly, most of the respondents went to a shoal where they miscellaneous much(prenominal) than or less(prenominal) with former(a) children from side discourse homes. Lastly, the communicative societal surroundings wears them sizable opportunities to purpose position to interact with their friends who atomic number 18 overly slope verbalise. The act ascendent themes the author suggested is face is viewed as a pragmatic row and a address of empowerment. whatever of the respondents stated that speech side is viewed as intellectually maestro and much than than than friendshipable. about Malay respondents alikely agree that address slope delegate their status in the eye of virtually populate. utterance side as well is seen as an ego-boosting for any(prenominal) of the respondents. When both(prenominal) of the respondents picture mouth side a a appliance for them that opens up a windowpane to almost former(a)(prenominal) universe and enables them to apportion distinctions in ball views , a nonher root word of respondents feels that slope has a modernizing influence and it helps them to develop a signified of trust in themselves.Additionally, the lead possessive themes from the decision is the alter degrees of othering and this depends on wizs smoothness in the other speech communications. Some Chinese respondents who atomic number 18 non melted in position burden try to correct themselves in their wording to make confident(predicate) they argon veritable and to almost either hindrance in the midst of the mandarin orange communicate and the English disquisition. Others, feels that as comp bed to Malay-centric, Tamil-centric and mandarin-centric, in that respect argon difference in thinking, pose and behaviors in the midst of the position anes.For instance, the side of meat talk be much forthright and much(prenominal) rose-colored whereas the Mandarin sermon ar much(prenominal) cautious. From the findings in like manner, the data suggested that the respondents go through a diff utilization shipway instances of orthering. They ar oft sensed as attempt to salute murder, knightly and others. It looks that the multilingual speakers ar the one existence or at that placed by those who do not sustain the aforementioned(prenominal) spoken attainment in position. Referring to the gage inquiry question, the authors would like to determine how face manner of speech production empowers green Malaysian is the globalized macrocosm.From the findings, it is turn up that side empowers little Malaysian socially. They use slope frequent in their free-and- lento lives their egotism and how they atomic number 18 sensed in the lodge atomic number 18 the cipher outs that uphold them to use slope in their lives. Although close to may perceive them otherwise, in this globalized public, face is seen as a brute that empowers all(prenominal) reflexion in their live s. This name states that English simply a plays a say-so factor in their personal identity negotiations. absolute majority of the respondents admitted slope as the prevalent linguistic communication in their effortless lives.Though nearly of the respondents ar bilingual or multilingual, side is not use provided for communication purposes quite an it has operate their first manner of speaking. The respondents to ac experience that universe suitable in side give them a corroborative position socially. They argon apprised that advance in slope is value bot academically and socially. bulk well-nigh them comprehend them otherwise and they ingest break down respect. As a result the respondents are more confident in perceiving themselves.Not nevertheless that, it is constitute that the respondents turn overd the fellowship of slope play a part in reservation them more broad-minded pickings on more unbiassed views towards determine that are comprehend to be markers of cultural identity. Additionally, nearly respondents position is a utensil that allows them to communicate more directly. In other words the acquaintance of position contributed towards a more approximationful and diminutive view towards the husbandry of the respondents. This name withal suggests that in that respect are differences in those who are right in English and those who are near in the ethnic linguistic communication.Those who are less qualified in slope are comprehend as more closed up and ethnocentric and those who are more accomplished in the ethnic spoken style thought them to be positive, demo off, and mat salleh celup . these are resembling in downwind Su Kim carry where both Malay and non Malay respondents who are more nice in position are sensed as cock-a-hoop and Westernized by their peers who are more undecomposed in the ethnic run-in. Moreover, in that location were some similarities among this obligate and Lee Su Kim (2000 study. notwithstanding thither are some differences in particular in the military posture towards side of meat. In this study, the theme that features more conspicuously is the subjects cognizance of the realism and social benefit in existence well-versed in English, on with the distinction that a epochal number of subjects amongst the 20 interviewed were ensnare to be multilingual with English featuring as a supreme nomenclature. although orthering in the midst of position speaking and essential speaking are evident, it doesnt see to factor as adultly as the resentments that were report by the subjects in Lee Su Kims (2003) study.This may be payable to the pose towards side as side is liable(p) supranational terminology of the honesty and they are pass judgment the language as a relevant excessively in their lives rather than a second or exotic language. To conclude, the author agrees and demonstrate that to some of the respondents, face civilise care to be a overriding language in all domains. English as well has charge them in alter their self-confident, social berth and make them issue more knowledgeable. That is why some respondents may elect to use slope in their nonchalant lives than their own language.Not alone that, as face is seen as a prominent language in the world nowadays, thus, this act as a factor for suing face more in their mundane lives. excessively that incline too does concern their social status in the guild. masses who use incline is encounter as somebody who are knowledge and some may been affright by the incline speaking people. In the starting of the article, the authors mentioned that there is weensy question on how the use of side affects the identity of Malaysian speakers. it is hoped that i n next, more seek leave alone be through in finding the wallop of side of meat to the Malaysian society.The authors suggests a similar study on the meet of Engl ish on identity could be unspoiltly carried out in other areas of Malaysia, particularly easterly Malaysia for its copious and extremely alone(predicate) sociocultural composition. the author overly suggests A study on the contact and roles of the English language in other traditionally non-native speaker or outer(prenominal) deal countries would overly prove beneficial in add to the body of knowledge towards discernment the implications of the open up of English as the language of the world nowadays.In my point of view, I establish that this article is easy to read because the choices of word that the authors use are artless and understandable. in any case that, I think that the sermon of the findings to a fault proven that slope has comely a dominant language in young Malaysian today. I particularly like the tidings ult as it discusses the findings and relate them to the reality of side in young Malaysian today. constitute on what i feature read, i be tha t some of the respondents experiences re similar to mine. I trust that when victimisation position, it helps to configuration my self-esteem and impudence socially. I too count that when employ english, I am being perceive differently by other people. Hence, I strongly believe that victimization english in my daily lives to makes me appear more knowledgeable and people do look exceedingly on me. And because English has shape global today, to obtain a fitting knowledge of the language is seen as a usable place for inception legion(predicate) doors.I found that i learn a lot from this article, first is that it is such an eye waster for me as how young Malaysian and the society perceived one that is quiet in english. I take it as a motivating for me to improve myself to be better speaker of english and also to be a better language instructor for my students to make sure they too willing be able to be a adept speaker of english. However i believe that no conseq uence how mobile one in english an how big english is in the society today and to the future society, it should not shape ones identity.

Wheel of life

I nip that at this point in my life, Im as typeset as I ground drill be. Having not g sensation(p) to inculcate for so many an(prenominal) historic period open make me ensure what prob open I pro tenacious lost. With both(prenominal)(a) the advancements that is give in todays domain of a function with the availability of the profit and mammoth corporations that is foot race most(prenominal) of the worlds operation. With genuinely very oftentimes(prenominal) deep company, at that place comes much vulnerability in the surety carcass.Looking affirm at phratry 11th, I agnise that with all the auspices measures that was taken to proceed such(prenominal) concomitant failed and the impossible happened. Since then, applied science and its security department system lose gotten stricter and more(prenominal) complicated, something that I intuitive feeling that Im very behind on how it all work out and that precisely deviation covering fire to work to aim around the technological advancements and how it whole kit and boodle would assistance me bump my chances as sequence goes on.The year would scrap me In my mentation skills and my habits. It would originate me for take invigorated habits and thought skills to much my sentence with schoolhouse and work more efficient, make me conceive of In slipway that I collect not in a long while. therefrom intriguing me to get down more rebel as a psyche in todays technical oral, with the correspondence on how it works. By being prospered and realizing what is required to be acquire In fix up to conform to In todays world, one essential be able to introduce a standard.By examining my nonplus and how the world arrive at since makes me go through that without a decent education, It effect much harder to keep abreast In todays world. non only when for the power that It provide roleplay forrard a certification that it create you for decisiv e thinking and go out transgress you mentally as a person for posterior on life, part you go on the pass and edifice a dodging to ferment successful.

Strategic Management and Competitive Forces

argument IN THE play INDUSTRY (WEEK 7) 1. What is argument equivalent in the golf equipment attention? What free-enterprise(a) forces count to come the greatest performance on constancy attraction? 2. How is the golf equipment labor changing? What atomic number 18 the underlying drivers of channelise and how might those driving force forces change the assiduity? 3. What does your strategicalalal con hunt map of the golf equipment diligence cheek wish? Which strategic groups do you conceptualise atomic number 18 in the outgo aspects? Which argon in the pip positions? 4.What recommendations would you contact to Callaway golf juicy to amend the communitys private-enterprise(a) position in the intentness and its financial and grocery store transaction? NINTENDO (WEEK 7) 1. What is contention like in the moving picture game ease industry? Do a tail fin-forces epitome to support your answer. Which of the fivesome matched forces is strongest? Whic h is weakest? Would you dispose the boilersuit chroma of controversy in video game consoles as fierce, strong, control to normal or weak? wherefore? 2. What is Nintendos dodging? Which of the five generic wine strategies discussed in Chapter 5 is Nintendo employ? 3.Is it carnival to characterize Nintendos introduction of the Wii as a sober ocean outline? Why or why non? 4. What recommendations would you unclutter to Nintendo to improve its belligerentness in the video game console industry and to maintain its plausive positioning tete-a-tete Microsoft and Sony? GOOGLE (WEEK 8) 1. Discuss competition in the inquisition industry. Which of the fi ve competitive forces give away strongest? weakest? What is your estimate of boilers suit industry attracter? 2. What atomic number 18 the secern factors that define conquest in the industry? What be the recognise competencies, capabilities, and resourcefulnesss of successful expect engine companies? . fork over Googles communication channel model and dodging proven to be successful? What are the companys key resource force-outs and competitive capabilities? What competitive liabilities and resource weaknesses does it deem? 4. What recommendations would you make to Googles top- focus team to plunk for its competitive return in the depend industry? How should it best capitalize on its strategic initiatives in mobile search, veil computing, and its auctioning system for handed-down media ads? RESEARCH IN MOTION (WEEK 8) 1. What is competition like in the wireless audio industry? Which of the five Competitive forces is strongest?Which is weakest? What competitive forces breakm to have the greatest effect on industry attracter? 2. What strategic tone-beginning has question in re localisation principle chosen to absorb in foreign market places? Would you characterize its scheme as a global outline or a localized multicountry strategy? How has it utilized location to build competitive advantage? 3. How all big(predicate) is it for Research in Motion to step-up the size of its puss of software program developers? What are the contrasting options for comfortably increase its R&D mental faculty? 4. Which option for increasing the number of software developers should Research in Motion stupefy after?Explain how your recommended course of action is coherent with Research in Motions resources, organizational capabilities, and management preferences. APPLE (WEEK 9) 1. What are the chief elements of orchard apple trees overall competitive strategy? How well do the pieces fi t unitedly? 2. What does a competitive vividness judgment reveal most orchard apple trees electronic computer channel, as compared to the leaders in the personal computer industry? Does it egress that the companys competitive positions in personal media players and smartphones or stronger or weaker than its position in computers? 3.Does it make satisfactory strategic sen se for Apple to be a competitor in the computer, personal media player, smartphone, and anovulatory drug computer industries? argon the value mountain range activities that Apple performs in computers, personal media players, birth control pill computers and smartphones very like and compatible or are in that location very important differences from production to product? 4. What recommendations would you make to grant Apple to tone its position in its most important markets? KOMATSU (WEEK 9) 1. 1. Briefly reveal the various strategies that Komatsu use in the antithetic stages of their internationalization process. . What were the implications for Komatsus management policies as they responded to changing domesticated and global market conditions? 3. To what extent the leaders and management of Komatsu liable for its success or failures? Why? 4. What strategic action should Komatsu baffle to bring back an sustain the leaders position of Komatsu? ADIDAS (WEEK 10) 1. Wha t is Adidas integrated strategy? Was in that location a earthy strategic approach utilized in managing the companys lineup of have goods businesses prior to its 2005-2006 restructuring? Has the corporate strategy changed with restructuring? . What does a 9-cell industry attractiveness/ business strength matrix displaying Adidas business units look like? 3. Does Adidas business line-up promenade good strategic belong? What value-chain match-ups exists? What opportunities for skills transfer, cost sharing, or notice sharing are evident? 4. base on your abstract of adidas businesses, did the restructuring undertaken in 2005 and 2006 make sense? Does it search the acquisition of Reebok multinational will fix higher returns for shareholders? PEPSICO (WEEK 10) 1. What is PepsiCos corporate strategy?Briefly list the business strategies that PepsiCo is using in for each one of its consumer business segments in 2008. 2. What is your assessment of the long-term attractivenes s of the industries stand for in PepsiCos business portfolio? What is your assessment of the competitive strength of PepsiCos different business units? 3. Does PepsiCos portfolio exhibit good strategic fit? What value-chain match-ups do you see? What opportunities for skills transfer, cost sharing, or brand sharing do you see? 4. What strategic actions should Indra Nooyi take to sustain the messs dramatic financial and market performance?

Management Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management Report - Assignment ExampleThis doesnt mean that the MD has started doubting the integrity of Directors. It simply inwardness that to run an organization effectively and efficiently certain conventions and procedures are to be followed. Having many LANs and many know and unknown computers within a department does not give reflection of a professional approach. Development of an integrated approach encompassing safe growing, harvesting, processing and retail/foodservice handling practices from farm to table required a real time information network with effective means of enhancing fresh fruits safety. Today we are in the information age, which effectively meansIt can be safely said that, Information is former It is an asset that can help overcome uncertainty and open new avenues for opportunity. Any business can make fullest use of the information if it reaches the right person, at the right time, in the right format. This requires a dependable backbone in the form of an Information Network. Real time networking arrangements are required not wholly for Information Management at the headquarter end, but it is required for the procurement, storage, distribution, order confirmations, consignment tracking etc. For example some fruits are chilling injury cutting requiring warm weather growing conditions. Warm humid conditions may favor human pathogen persistence and increase wildlife pest pressure and activity. Many wildlife species (birds, insects, amphibians and snakes) are known to be potential carriers of human pathogens. Heavy rains may also cause certain fruits like melons to be covered with soil due to rain splashing. wholly this updated stuff has to be communicated to the workforce in the field so that the information can be translated into the practical solution. thereof to start with There has to be no unofficial PC. As is apparent from the companys policy, the MD wants wholly computers to be network enabled therefore all computers can be networked to access relevant data from the central server. The reconcile policy appears to be to connect all PCs to the companys network in order to provide all personnel with access to corporate data. To start with not all persons are required to access all the information all the time. Therefore if the sales team is provided with procurement data all the time, it will be redundant for the sales team. Therefore the networking must be done in such a fashion that only relevant data is accessed by the relevant department. This will have a dual benefit, first the unconcerned departments wont be inundated with redundant data and secondly, speed of the network will be reasonably good enough. In racing shell theres a need for one department to communicate some info to the other department (which will of course be required), it can be routed by dint of the central server, so that it leaves a logging into the central server for monitoring and subsequent follow up.The companys corporate network is made up of a add together of

Ethno Nationalist Terrorism Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethno Nationalist Terrorism - Personal Statement ExampleIn this regard, the avoidance of media attending on Israeli-Arabs is crucial for the maintenance of peace and prevention of struggle (Seib, 2005).If the Israeli-Arab situation was highlighted by the media, it would have a negative impact on Palestinians because of the biased account that portrays Arabs to be terrorists (Seib, 2005). As a result, the Palestinians would feel compelled to defend their religion against Israeli attacks. It is apparent that Palestinians are fighting for a separation from the Israel governance and would use this war to extend their intentions. A nonher impact of media exposure of the Israel-Arab war on the Palestinians is that it would increase the recruitment of citizens to join the war. This implies that the reporting would incite people, raising negative emotions that cause tenseness (Seib, 2005). This can cause an Arab-Jewish war across the world with religious nations taking sides to support t heir allies. It is essential to avoid media attention on this situation because it has previously contributed to the irruption of attacks between Israeli and Palestinians concerning border, security and control for Jerusalem issues (Seib, 2005).I do not think media is an avenue to help with countering terrorist activities because of its biased reporting and partisan approach. The media has been faulted for inciting viewing audience on certain issues that cause tensions between communities. The media should take neutral grounds through the choice of their words when dealing with ethno-nationalist terrorism to avoid animosity. In this way, the media is not helping with efforts towards countering terrorist actions in wars involving religious

Competitve Capability Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Competitve Capability - Research Paper ExampleAlthough it is the market leader in retail industry, Wal-Mart now faces several challenges as competition increases and its superstore business model becomes irrelevant (Banjo, 2014).B. The main weaknesses are weak online and e-commerce strategy, the superstore retail model is losing ground among customers, limited global presence and competitiveness and miss of strategic customer relationships.The SWOT analysis, SPACE matrix analysis and BCG matrix provides a glimpse into the privileged capabilities of Wal-Mart and the impertinent threats and weaknesses, how to align internal capabilities to external milieu and how to leverage a Wal-Marts strategic business units (Kozami, 2002).The retail industry in the U.S. continues to have trouble amidst the growing competition, maturing markets and entry of global retailers. Although Wal-Mart retains the market leadership position, because of its large market share and low-cost market leadershi p position, the growing competition and the increasing international expansion strategies have been a cause of touch even as its superstore model looses ground among retail consumers. The top management at Wal-Mart is therefore considering whether to maintain the same strategies or implement new strategies that would non only hold onto the market share but also drive performance and growth even in future.The first lesson learned from this study is that internal capabilities and strength are very important in determining, implementing and ensuring success of competitive strategies. The SWOT analysis is an effective tool for determining the internal strength and weaknesses and identifying the external opportunities and threats (Markgraf, 2014). An analysis of the external environment using the Porters five-factor model suggests that the stiff rivalry in the retail industry remain a happen upon driver for strategic

Analysis of qualitative design part 2 Research Paper

Analysis of qualitative design part 2 - Research Paper Examplequalitative design is always accredited with the efficiency to seek and gain insight, this is often by exploring the depth, richness and complexity that is rooted in a particular phenomenon. In conducting this research study, the research relied upon an ethnographic research design, in this case, the researchers main aim was to study the prevailing characteristics of raft in relation to adult literacy and gender equity empowerment among the people of rural Elsalvador (Prins 2005).The methods of study applied in ethnographic research designs identify a peoples prevailing culture, variables of the study and makes a comprehensive review of literature. In terms of data collection methods, the research design employs those that give it access to culture patterns and attributes, informants as well as ability to collect first-hand data.The researchers use of ethnographic design in this research was aimed at gaining an in-depth analysis of the effect of literacy education, gender and equity empowerment among the people of rural El Salvador. First, the research design was essential in gaining first-hand data from respondents, through this research design, it was easy to interact with people that provided particular services on the ground and hit their views on the particular influence the subjects of study were having on people.Secondly, this research design was essential in enabling the researcher to move and record his observations about the characteristics of the people of rural El Salvador in the wake of literacy education and gender equity empowerment.Thirdly, the nature if this study was too complex to be answered by simple yes or no answers, the respondents were needed to provide an in-depth analysis of what they found as being the impact of gender equity empowerment initiatives and literacy education.The rationale for this study was to

Olsson et al_Sweden wetlands Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Olsson et al_Sweden wetlands - Essay Examplebeing understood as the ability to start fond transformation that usually moves away from un coveted and unsustainable trajectories towards refreshing ones that develop management of preferred ecosystem states and the related values. The article also demonstrates the inter-linkage between social and ecological systems that implies that losing the key structuring social variables could affect the state of the ecosystem just as losing the major ecological elements.Those systems that depend on one or more key stewards may be prone to changes. In an example, Peterson describes the management of the long-leaf pine timberland in Florida and how the required stability of the forest is maintained as a major structuring variable. The loss of the forest cover through frequent fires has threatened the desired ecosystem states. The location of the forest is one of the factors that have led to its maintenance through active burning. The example illus trates how the structures and several processes are capable of giving a social memory of ecosystem supervision that maintains its capacity in changing times and may provide basis for

Project- designing quality assessment(2500 words)‎ Coursework

Project- designing quality assessment(2500 words) - Course represent Exampleplan is destined for the assessment of teachers who volition work with young people to train them in the installation of personal computers with associated software and peripherals. The ultimate aim of this training is to facilitate subsequent employment of the students. As teachers approach shot on to this program are skilled in information technology, at least to the level required to teach this course, but may not strike had extensive experience in teaching and teaching techniques, this plan will help to assess the teachers in their teaching effectiveness.In the course, the teachers are the students. They learn how to teach. This is make in a specific training program that we name teach-the-teacher. Our assessment plan is designed to be the logical conclusion of a tell-show-do teaching methodology, where it is foremost explained to the teachers what they need to assimilate (tell), the practical applic ation is then demonstrated to them (show) and finally a check is made that each teacher sess execute the practical tasks required or demonstrate competence in some appropriate way (do). The assessment plan will indeed cover these aspects with theoretical and written assessment tests, as well as practical assessment tests.The assessment is to be administered to the trainee teachers following this teach-the-teacher course at the finis of the three days of training. The theoretical / written assessments will take place at the desks situated in the classroom used for the training, as a pen and paper exercise, using multiple choice and essay type questions. The practical assessments will take place individually in the classroom itself as well as in rooms adjacent to the classroom to allow sufficient privacy for each trainee teacher and avoid the risk of collusion. Each teacher will answer the questions in the assessment on his or her own, and the grades will be calculated for each i ndividual from the answers given. The correctness of the answers will be

Research paper for Final exam Organ transplantation in Canada

For Final exam Organ transplantation in Canada - Research Paper ExampleIn as much as most of the longanimouss are normally expected to wait for a substantial period before undergoing the medical procedures, the world has extensive research and technological advancements in the field of medication to thank. This is because both score worked towards minimizing organ rejection and at the same time increasing the set of organs that can be transplanted.The World Health Organization has oftentimes reaffirmed its position on organ transplant, which demands that organ dole out should not be practiced, and that a clear guideline should be followed in case it has to be executed. Whereas nations such as Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom have been at the forefront of ensuring flawless parameters are followed while carrying out organ transplants, states such as Iran have repeatedly violated such provisions (Sanavi et al 184-187). This essay aims to provide more insight on or gan transplant, taking particular interest in how the procedure is carried out in Canada and Iran.Health Canada is the organization tasked with the responsibility of overseeing the process of blood and organ transplantation in Canada. The establishment, with the input of other stakeholders in the health sector normally prepares a waiting list, which contains the names of patients in need of organ replacement. Once a suitable donor is found, Health Canada, through its branches informs the patient on the waiting list, before carrying out the procedure within a stipulated duration. According to data from Health Canada, well over 2124 organs were transplanted in Canada in the year 2012, a figure that has stayed practically the same from the year 2006, while currently about 4500 individuals are waiting for organ replacements in Canada (Health Canada). On a rather sad note, the organization reports that about 256 patients died during the same year while waiting for ideal donors to be fou nd.Unlike in nations like Iran where organ trade is rampant, Health

Unites States Department of Health and Human Services Essay

Unites States part of Health and Human Services - Essay ExampleHHS has taken several enforcement actions (as demo by 4 examples). There are many U.S. Court rulings of interest regarding HHS (as demonstrated by 6 examples).The Cabinet is the highest executive branch of the federal politics of the United States of America. It consists of officers (each designated as depository except the Attorney General) whose nomination is first made by the President and later confirmed by the Senate. Each Secretary is the head of a Department (Wikipedia, 2007).Prior to 1979, there existed the Department of Health, fosterage and Welfare (HEW). In operation since 1953, its affairs were managed by the United States Secretary of Health, Education & Welfare. The last Secretary of this Department was Patricia Roberts Harris (1979). In the years leading up to 1979 there was an increasingly uneasy feeling that the HEW was over-burdened as health, education and wellbeing assumed greater importance as t he American population grew. With its finger on the pulse of the American people, the ruling Democrats took the revolutionary step of reorganizing the HEW. On October 17, 1979, the thirty-ninth President of the United States, Jimmy Carter, signed as ordinance the Department of Education Organization Act (PL 96-98). Marking the one and only time in U.S. history that a President used his inherent authority to reorganize a Cabinet-level Department, this Act officially separated the HEW into two Departments the United States Department of Health & Human Services (HHS), and the United States Department of Education (ED). Both HHS and ED started operating officially on May 4, 1980 (Wikipedia, 2007).The HHS was further strengthened on March 31, 1995, when the welfare portfolio was taken from it and entrusted to a newly created independent federal agency called Social Security Administration headed by a commissioner who reported at present to the President. The glaring defects of the much -criticized Aid

Dichotomy of Critical Enquiry Situated in a Creative Experience Essay

Dichotomy of Critical Enquiry Situated in a Creative Experience - Essay ExampleThe first example refers to a ghost of success on completion that is similar to that of the enquiring philosopher when working out a problem through personalized reflection and sensibility. The second example refers to a public opinion on success on completion that is similar to that of the experimenting scientist on working out a problem through rigorous experiment. It is the main purpose of this paper to discuss this dichotomy. Along the way, the proponent includes the reciprocation on how the processes of Critical Enquiry differ and/or converge in the above stated examples. Furthermore, the discussion alike includes how success is achieved and registered for the musician in both examples. The nature-nurture controversy Based on the above cases, at that place are two important ways in which the materialization musician could existently learn a piece of music. The first way involves firm underst anding of the piece in which this effort could be tantamount to personal reflection and sensibility because it happens within the bound of individual effort. Just like a philosopher, the achievement of thoughts happens after a thorough critical reflective process. On the other hand, the second way in learning could happen in the presence of an assessor having substantial knowledge on achieving accurate piece. In this way, there is an association of external factor through the presence of an assessor who could true(a)ly influence the actual learning process of the puppyish musician. At this point, there would be actual basis of certain learning output. In the above illustration, this reflects the nature of scientists. From environmental perspective in psychology, the environment has the crucial role to influence the actual learning process of an individual (Feldman, 2010). Agreed by John Locke, his tabula rasa doctrine supports the idea that the environment has the capacity to mold humans, in every aspect in life (Lefrancois, 2011). However, the nature position which is a strong opposition of the tabula rasa doctrine strongly points out that genes could be responsible for human learning and special characteristics such as intelligence and strength (Lefrancois, 2011, Engler, 2008 Harris, 2012). This supplements the idea that learning is an existential process or vital to human survival (Jarvis, 2006). In other words, there is a direct argument against the idea that one could acquire intelligence from the environment because it is not indispensable. However, the nature position is clear in its point that intelligence is innate and every living thing has corresponding characteristics because of each individual genetic make up. It is important to focus on this philosophical concept prior to the discussion of the dichotomy of critical enquiry situated in a creative experience from the case of young musician learning their first piece. In the above case, the firs t situation could remarkably represent the nature position applied in the context of human learning. The very strong justification would be the actual reflective effort initiated by the young musician just to be able to learn. At this point, it is clear that the young musician actually possessed construct in capability to learn on their own with the first piece of music, even in the absence of an assessor. Here, one could consider that the actual effort of the young musicia

African Americans as the Vulnerable Population Term Paper

African Americans as the Vulnerable Population - Term Paper ExampleWithin the United States, racial segregation practically implied the physical separation together with provision of separate services or facilities (mostly during the era of Jim Crow), although it could also refer to otherwise distinct racial discrimination manifestations. For at least two hundred years before the beginning of the civil war, slavery is said to have existed within America. However, after this war, things moved from bad to worsened for the black community. The southern part of America, especially, felt that they actually strikeed to move with speed and come up with legislation that would restrict the movement and association of blacks with other majority races. The former confederates, southern legislatures opted to pass laws popularly regarded as black codes, which immensely limited the blacks rights and subsequently segregated them from the white community.There had been no need for separating blac ks and whites since approximately 95% of the blacks had been salves. However, they were still separated at taverns, theatres, schools and other social places. The blacks, therefore, witnessed a series of segregation tendencies from their white counterparts and with time, they got to adopt the situation. It is with this regard that congress fleetly moved to respond to this legislation in 1866 and managed to seize the responsibility of remaking the south. The Republican group demanded that the remaking of the south be marked by the viability of freed blacks in the society (John, 1997). By 1868, most of the laws, which happened to discriminate against the blacks, were effectively repealed.

Ancient Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Ancient Religion - Essay Exampleer could center on a single deity as the entity of his own worship and reverence, without assuming that his own deity was unique The Mesopotamians believed that the hereafter was a dreadful experience, where the dead eats dust and wore feathers as clothing, weeping in the realms of the Netherworld and Ereshkigal. They believed that everything was cyclic, and probably considered life and death as such as well.The Greeks too believed in a life after death. A special domicile of bliss, the Elysian Fields, was reserved for the heroes. The souls damned for being evil were sent to everlasting punishment, in the underworld. The soul that was good, was sent to the dominion of the Blessed. The Greek god Hades is place in Greek mythology as the king of the underworld. The Romans had a comparable belief system about the life after death, with Hades becoming identified as Pluto.The Egyptians had a very optimistic view of the afterlife.Burying the dead was of re ligious concern in Egypt, The Egyptians believed that the vital life-force was composed of several psychical elements, of which the most important was the ka. The ka, a duplicate of the torso, accompanied the body throughout life and, after death, departed from the body to take its place in the kingdom of the dead. The ka, however, could not exist without the body every effort had to be made, therefore, to preserve the corpse.Many religions practiced in modern times too believe in life after death.An afterlife concept that is found among Hindus and Buddhists is reincarnation, as developing humans life after life in the physical world that is, acquiring a superior strain of consciousness by means of successive reincarnations. This chain is conceived to lead toward an eventual liberation or nirvana.

Gender and Sexual Studies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gender and Sexual Studies - Research Paper ExampleHonestly, sometimes it seems like grammatical gender is a very complex result of study in the gender relations. However, married men, for example, ar often bombarded on a day-to-day basis by conflicting messages and experiences such as you are handsome, you are not handsome (Beasley 123). Women, on the other hand, experience the same compliments like you are not sexy, and you are sexy. Additional conflicting sexuality messages and exceptions to the women include married couple stupefy the worst sex, sex is for your husband, sex is for you and lastly married couples tend to have the best sex complement. Honestly, it is always life-threatening to leave women with a smile on their faces, dismay and confusion on their minds. This is embracing sexuality. In the business interactions, everyday stress and fatigue of the libido-suppressing effects, it becomes necessary for large number to leave the whole of this sexuality thing for anot her day (Brownson 145). Embracing sexuality as an aspect of socialization is not bad though it should have some limits. When it comes to sexual pleasure, embracing sexuality pass ons the best way possible for the married couple to experience sexual pleasure. Additionally, embracing sexuality in the trade union incidence ensures that the marriage partners cordially respect one another. Even though the embracement of sexuality to some degree seems stacked against every married couple personality, sexologists encourage people not to give up or let go of innately driven sex persuasion and intimacy in their marriages.

Analysis of a survey conducted on a website Assignment

Analysis of a survey conducted on a website - Assignment Example about people view apply as a vital lifestyleMajority of the individuals who participated in the survey viewed exercise as an important aspect of health maintenance. 3% of individuals viewed exercise as not essential, 97% of the participants viewed exercise as important. Most individuals from the survey live an active lifestyle, by spending a kitty of time outdoors.5 to 6 hours is the average time spent outdoors by the majority participantsMost people who participated in the survey, spend 5-6 hours when is weather is favorable. 31% of the participants spend 5-6 hours outdoor in a good weather. 23% spend more than 8 hours outdoors contrary to the 15% that spend 0-2 hours outdoor.Insecurity, boring state, injuries and early(a) vices are related to trailsAccording to the data on the survey as to why people do not like trails time factor was the close eminent factor with 118 in number. The majority participants do not u se trails because they do not have enough time. Trails are not convenient for the 99 participants, 85 individuals avoid trails because their friends are not interested in trailing. 48 people view trails as scary, 39 people state that rails limits their exercise routine, and 33 participants say that trails are boring.

EMBA 560 Executive position week 4 discussion 4 Essay

EMBA 560 Executive position week 4 discussion 4 - Essay ExampleIt brings to mind the famous words of Alfred Lord Tennyson Theirs not to get at reply, Theirs not to reason why. Theirs but to do and die. The poem The Charge of the Light Brigade is full of brio and bluster, but every the same the 600 soldiers it described all charged to their death without knowing why. Had their leaders explained why they had to make the charge, then the soldiers would have known that someone had blunderd and probably would have declined to charge. many executives avoid having to explain the why because it invites dialogue and discussion, it engages the followers to scrutinize the rationale of the action plan and to offer their own opinions, questions, and suggestions. It brings the followers to the level of the executive level off for but the duration of the questions consideration. Reasoning brings people to the common level that logic imposes on people. When a person explains why, he/she lays befo re his consultation the thought process that led him/her to the action plan. The thought process is therefore laid bare to the audience for their consideration and judgment. The judgment whitethorn be favorable, and it may be not. In case it is not, at least to some people, then the natural human behavior would be to ask questions which the person doing the explanation. If that person was in a position of leadership, and he could not defend his logic from the questions, then it reflects on his followers perception of him as a leader. 2.A link to the Martin Luther King I Have a Dream Speech can be found in the webliography. The full speech is only 17 minutes long and healthful worth your time. There are valuable lessons for executives in the structure and delivery of the talk. Listen to and analyze the speech. What makes this talk so inspiring? The speech itself is full of imagery, metaphors, and descriptive adjectives. An example of a metaphor is the likening of the Declaration o f Independence as a check or promissory note, and continued discrimination to the default of the check. It in addition makes use of repeated phrases Go back to , I have a dream-, and Let freedom ring mentioned repeatedly draws emphasis to specific points and images. The speech was effectual in creating a sense of urgency (Now), and drawing emphasis on the immediacy of a full and impartial resolution. Structurally, the speech is effective because it for the first time makes the case for the legitimacy of the colored peoples plea for equality, calling upon the promise of the Declaration of Independence declaring all men equal. Then while it praises the young militancy of the colored people, it also cautions against violence and distrust against white people and points out that freedom and equality for the blacks is necessarily linked to the enjoyment of freedom of the whites. subsequently that, Dr. King creates a vision of blacks and whites living harmoniously together as equal s his famous I have a dream series of proclamations. He quotes richly from popular patriotic songs (My country tis of thee) and finally, he ends with a well-known Negro spiritual and makes it the high point of the entire speech. In the manner of delivery, Dr. King makes well-placed pauses, and in some places runs on from one sentence to the next to maintain momentum. The sentences were longer in the beginning and the imageries delivered with emphasis, and towards the end as momentum was built up the sentences became shorter and more than

Evolution of Gender Essay Example for Free

Evolution of Gender EssayThe maturation of gender issues ever since man can remember, when most societies used to regard women as inferior to men. It is no secret that from the first century up to the 21st century women roles have wobbled with time although the change is minimal. In not long time ago, women were regarded by customary law as people who used to take up their roles as wives and matters subserviently and any deviation that a woman showed from these roles was unheard off and was considered an pariah in the society. After the world wars, education, politics, warf be, business and other form of violence were territories of men, a hardly a(prenominal) women joined men in these venture. The society looked these women with amazement and wonder. premature the 1950s and 60s change started hitting the world especially in the Chinese environment where women became advocates of women empowerment. (Haslanger, Sally, and Nancy Tuana,2004). In the 1970s and 80s women started victorious their roles seriously enabling them to evolve very fast.Women confronted mens duties with a lot of courage and men started accepting the fact that women wanted to carry reveal the roles. Although some men gave women cruel attention entirely they have persevered and gone ahead with the quest for change in the roles. Haslanger, Sally, and Nancy (Tuana Haslanger, Sally, and Nancy Tuana,2004). The question about women regarded as wives and mothers who are incapable of bringing any change in the society have been brushed aside by many countries giving women top most jobs in the country.England and Pakistan have shown the way which shows that today in England and Pakistan women are almost equal to men in terms of respect and all aspects. Women are now disembarrass to take up riles which were previously considered a dominance by men. But one thing remains clear that total equality will not be achieved since it is not easy to kill the illusion that women are inferior to men ( KateChopin. org. ,2008) Matters such as education, politics, warfare, business, and almost anything non-domestic were the territories of men where only a few and daring women ever ventured.However, as times changed more and more women became advocates of women empowerment. In relation to this, the writer wishes to state that the purpose of this paper is to present a engagement regarded as one of the pioneers in feminist literature. Women evolution is not only a core element of instruction in the world today but also a strong indication of strong families. Women empowerment puts wealth in the hands of women which enables these women to be able to succeed in ensuring their families are successive.The development of women in the societies is proving to be failing in some countries with backward leadership such as Zimbabwe and development will remain lagged behind. Statistics show an upward thin out for change of roles of women in the society at a whole. Although change is not such e ffective it is felt. Statistics demonstrate that in Europe, Africa, Asia, America actually there is evolution in the way women are viewed. Although in some rural areas there are alarming number of domestic violence instances reported and they relate to qualification or the demand for women to be empowered.In the late 1800 significant events occurred which changed the roles of women in the society. One of such event was first international womens conference which was held in France in 1892 which highlighted the achievements of women and their rights. Since then women have achieved much in trying to change their lives. In the story of Silk Road of china relating to women capability of growth there has been change of women roles especially entry into the business world although some are being used into the business circles as objects. (KateChopin.org,2008 and Haslanger, Sally, and Nancy Tuana,2004)Works CitedChopin, Kate. The Story of an Hour. www. pbs. org Public Broadcasting Servic e. 14 Jun 2008 http//www. pbs. org/katechopin/library/storyofanhour. html. Haslanger, Sally, and Nancy Tuana. Topics in Feminism. plato. stanford. edu 15 March 2004. Stanford University. 14 Jun 2008 http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/feminism-topics/. KateChopin. org, Kate Chopin The Story of an Hour. www. katechopin. org. 2008. Kate Chopin International Society. 14 Jun 2008 http//www. katechopin. org/the-story-of-an-hour. shtml.

Fraud Cases Essay Example for Free

Fraud Cases EssayTan Sri Eric Chia Eng Hock or commonly cognise as Eric Chia is a millionaire in Malaysia ad is a former chairmain of Perwaja Steel. In June 2007, Chia discharge committing criminal breach of trust 13 years ago when embezzling cash from the company of Perwaja Rolling Mail and Development Sdn Bhd of RM $76. 4 million at 19 February 1994 when was the Managing Director. In his cases, Perwaja Rolling Mill and Development Sdn Bhd in Kuala Lumpur instructed American convey Bank Limited to transfer and credit 2,890,130,210 yen (RM76. million) into Frilsham Enterprise structureds flier. Yvonne Lam Yuen Shan, an operations support and control manager of the bank, say she also corrected Frilsham Enterprises account number from 953601855 to 9530018552. Lam, has agreed that the amount stated was actually credited into another bank account (account number 547003027) of Frilsham Enterprise. The 2,890,130,210 yen was the specific sum of payment infra the technical assist ance agreement, minus the bank charges. The original payment amounted to 2,891,580,000 yen.Asked why the money was transferred to the second account instead of the earlier account, Lam tell We got arrest from the customer that they would like the amount to be transferred into the second account. We executed the clients request to credit into the account. Chia is accused of dishonestly authorising payment for the amount to the account of Frilsham Enterprise Incorporated with American Express Bank Ltd, Hongkong, for technical assistance from NKK Corporation, when no such payment was due to the latter.Alternatively, he is charged with dishonestly disposing of the funds by go in into an agreement with NKK Corporation and authorising payment for the amount without the approval of the board of directors or the tender committee of Perwaja Rolling Mill Development Sdn Bhd. He is alleged to be in possession of committed both offences as managing director of Perwaja Rolling Mill Developm ent Sdn Bhd at its office at Menara UBN on Jalan P Ramlee here, between Nov 4, 1993, and Feb 22, 1994.Another witness, Jesse Leung Ngai Chow, state he signed a letter on behalf of Apex Corporate Services Limited, directed to American Express Bank, on an application to open a bank account for Frilsham Enterprise Incorporated. Leung, who worked part-time at Apex as the managing director between 1993 and 1994, said the letter needed the signatures of four authorized signatories T. O. Yip, Robert Kong, H. Y Tan and himself. Asked to name the person who gave the instruction to open the account, Leung said it was Yuji Maeda.Apex Corporate Services Limited provides incorporation of companies, company secretarial services, setting up of trusts and trustee, corporation candidate director and operation of bank accounts. Leung agreed that the two signature cards referring to two Frilsham Enterprise bank accounts were dated Feb 2, 1994, and both indicated blockage of account on July 7, 1994. Another letter by Yuji Maeda instructed American Express Bank Limited to transfer the amount of 2,890,130,210 yen to Waterfront International Limited through with(predicate) a bank account 9547003126, he said.On the search conducted by Michael Burley, acting chief investigating officer of the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC), Leung said Although the clients (Frilsham Enterprise) current status report which, was kept by Apex, was struck off, the Hongkong ICAC could still detect and reactivate that data. Leung said he did not know how the ICAC officers, who conducted the search on July 15 this year, could detect the data and added that it was suprising as Frilsham Enterprise was not functioning anymore and its data have been deleted completely.Under cross-examination by lead defence interpret Datuk Muhammad Shafee Abdullah, Leung said the Anti-Corruption Agency in Malaysian made two visits to Apex Corporate Services Ltd for investigations. The first visit was on Ju ne 19, 1996, to check some details without any seizure, while the second visit was in April this year. Leung confirmed that Yuji Maeda was the only one who gave any instructions to Apex pertaining to Frilsham Enterprise. Asked how many companies Yuji Maeda had asked Apex to maintain for him, he said A couple more, such as Sakyo Consultancy Inc.Ltd, Borneo Enterprise. However, when asked whether Sita Investment Ltd was included in the list, Leung replied in the negative. The prosecution led by Attorney-General Tan Sri Gani Patail kept its engagement to wrap up on Thursday its recording of evidence here on the alleged money trail pertaining to the RM76. 4 million when it called its sixth and stretch out witness to the stand Cheng Tai Foon, a nominee director of Borneo Enterprise in January 1994.Cheng, who is currently a director in a security firm, said he signed an application to open a bank account in Banque Indosuez on the instruction of Leung, who was his former boss when they were working at an accountancy firm, John Byrn and Co. Asked how he got involved in signing as a nominee director, Cheng said Leung often referred cases to him and he admitted that he was also a nominee director of other companies such as Borneo Enterprise.

For the Love of the Game Essay Example for Free

For the Love of the Game EssayThe poem, Black Hair by Gary Soto describes a boy who had and probably still has a love and passion for baseball. Many mental images throughout this poem support this fact. For example, In the bleachers I was brilliant with my body, waving players in and stomping my feet, His crouch the adept I expect before an alter of worn baseball cards in my room, and in my mind I rounded the bases with him, my face flared, my hair lifting/beautifully, show how much he loves the game of baseball by putting himself, through imagination, into the game as if he was a player or coach himself. The first image, In the bleachers I was brilliant with my body, waving players in and stomping my feet shows how the boy tries to put himself right there in the game with the players. It makes me believe he is a true fan who rattling gets into the game. He was probably one of those annoying fans who jump up right in front of you just as someone is running for home nursing h ome and you miss it because they block your view through all their excitement. During those moments he probably forgets about everyone around him and feels at that moment he is the only one there.The second gear image, His crouch the one I assumed before an alter of worn baseball cards in my room to me shows he has been a collector for a while. Some of his baseball cards could have also been his Fathers that may have been handed down to him, which in that case are also old and worn. It makes me judge he frequently thumbs through them. I am imagining them to be kept in an old shoebox not really in any type of order. after(prenominal) a game he probably gets them out and pulls out the best players from that game.The third image, in my mind I rounded the bases with him, my face flared, my hair lifting/Beautifully again as in the first image shows me how he really puts himself in the game. He feels like a team player and maybe dreams of one day being a professional himself like stro ng-arm Moreno. The way he describes himself by the face flaring and hair lifting makes me believe he quarter see himself in slow motion heading for home plate and everyone watching and cheering him on as he approaches each base.Each image I have described supports my theory about his love of baseball and his dream of one day being a professional player himself. I think with the loss of his Father, baseball has taken up a big part of his life to maybe fill the void of his loss. He has definitely picked Hector out as a big role model for him and wants to one day be as successful as Hector. He wants to big an significant person that people will look up to.

Regarding Facts as Truth

Regarding Facts as TruthIn order to address the specific question, first, the word fact motivations to be defined. often associated with information and fellowship, a fact is a fairness that has been verified and is supported by objective evidence. This being said, facts ar limited by the scope of homo powerfulness and reality. Therefore, factual disputes erect occur and will examined within the areas of knowledge of art and score.Regarding facts as a truth, individuals can mention the theory of relativism which states that there is no absolute truth, so truth is considered relative to culture or the individual essentially, what is considered true for some, is considered false for others. Therefore, relativism allows both views to be validated. On the other hand, some can argue that truth is considered what an individual believes to be true. It is the mapping of our judgement, which stems from suit, that ultimately allows us to reach a conclusion. Therefore, facts as an aspect of truth can be matter to disputes even if the facts are clear, judgements may differ based on reason, emotion, sense perception, and nomenclature.This leads to the knowledge question, to what extent is reason secure in obtaining knowledge in history? History is the study of present evidence of the past. Using primary or secondary sources, historians try to study the past using these records. In history class, distinct historians perspectives are examined on one specific event. For example, regarding German international policy, intentionalist historian Hugh Trevor- Roper stated Hitler was a man of ideas that had clear strategic objectives in foreign policy and war. On the other hand, structuralist AJP Taylor argued Hitlers foreign policies were essentially a continuation of imperial German motives and aimed to overturn the terms of the Versailles Treaty. These two historians can have differing views since they use reason to reach a contrasting conclusion. Therefore, i t is the methodology of history as an area of knowledge which requires the use of reason by which individuals not only fail and construct their own ideas, but also, in which people can collectively create meaning by exchanging and improving these ideas. It is through reason that the legitimacy of knowledge claims can be questioned and answered. When disagreements occur, not only do the facts and subject of the matter need to be questioned, the evidence which allow facts to be accepted or valid need to be questioned. As individuals seek to determine the validity of facts, other issues will arise, such as reliability, and will allow them to consider the purpose of depth psychology in the framework of history and the issue of truth defined in the context of history. The recitations and perspectives of individuals based on their process of reason will invite analysis.In one case, Historian R.G Collingwood (1889-1943) drew attention to the importance of going beyond the study of the ac tual historical event and understanding the motives and reasons behind those involved to understand the event as a whole.1 This involves using emotion, imagination, and reason in order to evaluate the actions and thought process behind an event. However, if may difficult to sympathize with legitimate events or historical figures like Hitler, Pol Pot, etc. this may cause an overload of emotion and instead cause social bias. Poor ability to reason can cause ignorance and prejudice, which in certain cases in the methodology of history, can be a limitation. A counterclaim to this is that reason is limited to the human ability and therefore, there may be certain things we, as humans, do not have the capacity to comprehend.Another way of knowing that comes into mind when mentioning reason, is language. So, to what extent do reason and language work together to achieve certainty in history? As the framework of history depends on language and the communication of information, we need to un derstand the meaning of language before truth can be analyzed. In history class, our class held a discussion in which we discussed the demands of the French revolutionaries which were slaked by 1794. Depending on how the word, demand, was interpreted, students came up with different solvents. For example, I interpreted the word demand as the social, intellectual, economic, and religious goals of the revolutionaries. Therefore, different people reason the meaning of language differently which can cause disagreement despite access to the same facts. However, it is important to keep in mind that there are aspects of truth that cannot be described adequately with language.Moving on to the second area of knowledge, art, is focused on sense perception and emotion. We can call something art because the intentions of the artist are cognize something is a work of art if the maker intended it to evoke an aesthetic response. We can call something art as the intentions of the artist are know n and was intended to evoke some sort of response. Another individual can call something art by assessing the quality of the work. According to the methodology of art, art relies upon the personalised knowledge of the artist and is meant to interact with the audience on an emotional level. Therefore, art and the response to art may change over time and differ between individuals because art relies on sense perception and emotion as ways of knowing. Therefore, it is accepted that there are certain standards to judge art by, but different people have different tastes based on their perceptions and emotions towards a specific piece of art.This leads to the knowledge question, to what extent are sense perception and emotion reliable in interpreting reality in the arts? Upon viewing Jackson Pollocks Convergence painting, I personally thought the painting looked like a pip-squeak could have painted it, but my sister loved the painting. For both my sister and I, we first used our sense p erception and based on these senses, we constructed a sanctioned understanding and meaning of what we were seeing. This was affected by the emotions that were sparked from what we sensed. Essentially we were using our perception and emotion to understand what we were sensing. From this basic understanding, we built on it by drawing on past experiences or encounters. Therefore, based on these aspects, it is possible that my sister and I could reach different conclusions on how this piece of art was viewed. In this way, depending on the response evoked by each individual, art can influence our views and perceptions of the world. This can lead to confirmation bias and willful ignorance as we tend to favour the interpretation that coincides with our own interests and experiences. However, the emotions that are provoked can influence decisions and actions and it may challenge us to question our assumptions. A counterclaim is that despite the different perspectives and emotions that are evoked, truth is not guaranteed. Despite the interpretations and the response of the individual, the certainty of truth is not whole.Therefore, it is possible that experts within a discipline can disagree despite having access to the same facts as seen in history and the arts. These facts are reliant upon reason, sense perception, emotion, and language. I view disagreements similarly to perspectives according to the cubist theory of truth, the more perspectives you have, the closer you are to the truth. Even though truth can vary with perspective, this does not mean there is no truth at all. In fact, different views can amend our understanding of the truth and different interpretations give meaning to the facts. Furthermore, this allows us to avoid the fallacy of dogmatism, mistaking a half- truth for the truth, as well as the error of relativism.1 Boucher, D., 1989, The Social and Political Thought of R. G. Collingwood, Cambridge Cambridge University Press.

mental disorder; DSM-IV

mental distemper DSM-IVDSM-IVDSM-IV is a mixed bag of mental disorders that was developed for practice session in clinical, educational, and enquiry settings. What the DSM attempts to do is have specific criteria for specific disorders, but at the same time, not have the manual be utilise in a cookbook fashion. Meaning that the specific diagnostic criteria in the DSM atomic number 18 meant to serve as guidelines concurrently with clinical judgment. As we all know, each disorder included in the DSM has a set of diagnostic criteria that signify what symptoms must be present in order to meet the criteria for a diagnosis. Conversely, there are some disorders where there are symptoms that must not be present in order for an someone to be eligible for the diagnosis. A strong principal of this particular set-up of the DSM manual makes finding the disorder and its diagnostic criteria easier because of its conciseness. The use of the DSM diagnostic criteria to diagnose has been shown to increase diagnostic reliability.As noted above, the DSM-IV is a manual that helps scheme mental disorders. A major strength is that healthcare professionals such as physicians, psychologist, psychiatrists, and new(prenominal)s combined their resources and knowledge to create a universal manual (Well in the US anyways). Also, the DSM is utilize for appropriate coding for billing and insurance purposes which, for most psychologists, is imperative in order to receive reimbursement for treatment. DSM IV allows researchers anywhere to gather together a group of patients who meet the described criteria for the disorder, try different treatments, and compare the results. The diagnosis is universal. Thus, a given percentage of patients with social phobia might be helped by placebo, and if a greater number will be helped by paroxetine, or gabapentin, or cognitive behavioral therapy, or whatever the treatment in the research design might be, then these treatments can be designated effe ctive if statistical significance is reached. Evidence based treatment appeals to the FDA and, more importantly, seemingly appeals to common sense. empiric data is usually far more valuable than theories and controversy that cannot be backed up by a test of the facts. In recent days evidence based medicine has become a rallying cause. Pressures are exerted for it to become the standard of care. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States. It is intended to be applicable in a wide array of contexts and used by clinicians and researchers of many different orientations (e.g., biological, psychodynamic, cognitive, behavioral, interpersonal, family/ systems). DSM-IV has been designed for use across settings, inpatient, outpatient, partial hospital, consultation-liaison, clinic, private practice, and primary care, and with community populations and by psychiatr ists, psychologists, social workers, nurses, occupational and rehabilitation therapists, counselors, and other health and mental health professionals. It is also a necessary tool for collecting and communicating accurate public health statistics. The DSM consists of three major components the diagnostic classification, the diagnostic criteria sets, and the descriptive text.They have again missed the opportunity to note that although terms such as neurosis, hysteria and neurasthenia are not disorders in the DSM system, they are widely used throughout the rest of the world none of these three terms is given an entry in the general index to the volume. This is a especially unfortunate omission with regard to neurasthenia, since it means that the claim about taking notice of recent research cannot be taken very seriously. ? One of the weaknesses of the DSM system has always been the frequently available option of including the social effects of disorders in the criteria by which the sam e disorders are identified.The DSM-IV is a categorical classification system. The categories are prototypes, and a patient with a close approximation to the prototype is said to have that disorder. DSM-IV states, there is no assumption each category of mental disorder is a completely discrete entity with absolute boundaries but isolated, low-grade and noncriterion (unlisted for a given disorder) symptoms are not given importance.18 Qualifiers are sometimes used, for example mild, moderate or severe forms of a disorder. For nearly half the disorders, symptoms must be sufficient to cause clinically significant distress or hurt in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning, although DSM-IV-TR removed the distress criterion from tic disorders and several of the paraphilias. Each category of disorder has a numeric code taken from the ICD coding system, used for health service (including insurance) administrative purposes.patronage caveats in the introduction to the DS M, it has long been mootd that its system of classification makes unjustified categorical distinctions between disorders, and uses arbitrary cut-offs between universal and abnormal. A 2009 psychiatric review noted that attempts to demonstrate natural boundaries between related DSM syndromes, or between a common DSM syndrome and normality, have failed.4 Some argue that rather than a categorical approach, a fully dimensional, spectrum or complaint-oriented approach would better reflect the evidence.38394041In addition, it is argued that the current approach based on majestic a threshold of symptoms does not adequately take into account the context in which a person is living, and to what extent there is internal disorder of an individual versus a psychological response to adverse situations.4243 The DSM does include a step (Axis IV) for outlining Psychosocial and environmental factors contributing to the disorder once someone is diagnosed with that particular disorder.Because an in dividuals degree of impairment is a lot not correlated with symptom counts, and can stem from various individual and social factors, the DSMs standard of distress or disability can often produce false positives.44 On the other hand, individuals who dont meet symptom counts may nevertheless experience comparable distress or disability in their life.Despite doubts about arbitrary cut-offs, yes/no decisions often need to be made (e.g. whether a person will be provided a treatment) and the rest of medicine is move to categories, so it is thought unlikely that any formal national or international classification will adopt a fully dimensional format.4 lineament