Fraud Cases Essay Example for Free

Fraud Cases EssayTan Sri Eric Chia Eng Hock or commonly cognise as Eric Chia is a millionaire in Malaysia ad is a former chairmain of Perwaja Steel. In June 2007, Chia discharge committing criminal breach of trust 13 years ago when embezzling cash from the company of Perwaja Rolling Mail and Development Sdn Bhd of RM $76. 4 million at 19 February 1994 when was the Managing Director. In his cases, Perwaja Rolling Mill and Development Sdn Bhd in Kuala Lumpur instructed American convey Bank Limited to transfer and credit 2,890,130,210 yen (RM76. million) into Frilsham Enterprise structureds flier. Yvonne Lam Yuen Shan, an operations support and control manager of the bank, say she also corrected Frilsham Enterprises account number from 953601855 to 9530018552. Lam, has agreed that the amount stated was actually credited into another bank account (account number 547003027) of Frilsham Enterprise. The 2,890,130,210 yen was the specific sum of payment infra the technical assist ance agreement, minus the bank charges. The original payment amounted to 2,891,580,000 yen.Asked why the money was transferred to the second account instead of the earlier account, Lam tell We got arrest from the customer that they would like the amount to be transferred into the second account. We executed the clients request to credit into the account. Chia is accused of dishonestly authorising payment for the amount to the account of Frilsham Enterprise Incorporated with American Express Bank Ltd, Hongkong, for technical assistance from NKK Corporation, when no such payment was due to the latter.Alternatively, he is charged with dishonestly disposing of the funds by go in into an agreement with NKK Corporation and authorising payment for the amount without the approval of the board of directors or the tender committee of Perwaja Rolling Mill Development Sdn Bhd. He is alleged to be in possession of committed both offences as managing director of Perwaja Rolling Mill Developm ent Sdn Bhd at its office at Menara UBN on Jalan P Ramlee here, between Nov 4, 1993, and Feb 22, 1994.Another witness, Jesse Leung Ngai Chow, state he signed a letter on behalf of Apex Corporate Services Limited, directed to American Express Bank, on an application to open a bank account for Frilsham Enterprise Incorporated. Leung, who worked part-time at Apex as the managing director between 1993 and 1994, said the letter needed the signatures of four authorized signatories T. O. Yip, Robert Kong, H. Y Tan and himself. Asked to name the person who gave the instruction to open the account, Leung said it was Yuji Maeda.Apex Corporate Services Limited provides incorporation of companies, company secretarial services, setting up of trusts and trustee, corporation candidate director and operation of bank accounts. Leung agreed that the two signature cards referring to two Frilsham Enterprise bank accounts were dated Feb 2, 1994, and both indicated blockage of account on July 7, 1994. Another letter by Yuji Maeda instructed American Express Bank Limited to transfer the amount of 2,890,130,210 yen to Waterfront International Limited through with(predicate) a bank account 9547003126, he said.On the search conducted by Michael Burley, acting chief investigating officer of the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC), Leung said Although the clients (Frilsham Enterprise) current status report which, was kept by Apex, was struck off, the Hongkong ICAC could still detect and reactivate that data. Leung said he did not know how the ICAC officers, who conducted the search on July 15 this year, could detect the data and added that it was suprising as Frilsham Enterprise was not functioning anymore and its data have been deleted completely.Under cross-examination by lead defence interpret Datuk Muhammad Shafee Abdullah, Leung said the Anti-Corruption Agency in Malaysian made two visits to Apex Corporate Services Ltd for investigations. The first visit was on Ju ne 19, 1996, to check some details without any seizure, while the second visit was in April this year. Leung confirmed that Yuji Maeda was the only one who gave any instructions to Apex pertaining to Frilsham Enterprise. Asked how many companies Yuji Maeda had asked Apex to maintain for him, he said A couple more, such as Sakyo Consultancy Inc.Ltd, Borneo Enterprise. However, when asked whether Sita Investment Ltd was included in the list, Leung replied in the negative. The prosecution led by Attorney-General Tan Sri Gani Patail kept its engagement to wrap up on Thursday its recording of evidence here on the alleged money trail pertaining to the RM76. 4 million when it called its sixth and stretch out witness to the stand Cheng Tai Foon, a nominee director of Borneo Enterprise in January 1994.Cheng, who is currently a director in a security firm, said he signed an application to open a bank account in Banque Indosuez on the instruction of Leung, who was his former boss when they were working at an accountancy firm, John Byrn and Co. Asked how he got involved in signing as a nominee director, Cheng said Leung often referred cases to him and he admitted that he was also a nominee director of other companies such as Borneo Enterprise.

For the Love of the Game Essay Example for Free

For the Love of the Game EssayThe poem, Black Hair by Gary Soto describes a boy who had and probably still has a love and passion for baseball. Many mental images throughout this poem support this fact. For example, In the bleachers I was brilliant with my body, waving players in and stomping my feet, His crouch the adept I expect before an alter of worn baseball cards in my room, and in my mind I rounded the bases with him, my face flared, my hair lifting/beautifully, show how much he loves the game of baseball by putting himself, through imagination, into the game as if he was a player or coach himself. The first image, In the bleachers I was brilliant with my body, waving players in and stomping my feet shows how the boy tries to put himself right there in the game with the players. It makes me believe he is a true fan who rattling gets into the game. He was probably one of those annoying fans who jump up right in front of you just as someone is running for home nursing h ome and you miss it because they block your view through all their excitement. During those moments he probably forgets about everyone around him and feels at that moment he is the only one there.The second gear image, His crouch the one I assumed before an alter of worn baseball cards in my room to me shows he has been a collector for a while. Some of his baseball cards could have also been his Fathers that may have been handed down to him, which in that case are also old and worn. It makes me judge he frequently thumbs through them. I am imagining them to be kept in an old shoebox not really in any type of order. after(prenominal) a game he probably gets them out and pulls out the best players from that game.The third image, in my mind I rounded the bases with him, my face flared, my hair lifting/Beautifully again as in the first image shows me how he really puts himself in the game. He feels like a team player and maybe dreams of one day being a professional himself like stro ng-arm Moreno. The way he describes himself by the face flaring and hair lifting makes me believe he quarter see himself in slow motion heading for home plate and everyone watching and cheering him on as he approaches each base.Each image I have described supports my theory about his love of baseball and his dream of one day being a professional player himself. I think with the loss of his Father, baseball has taken up a big part of his life to maybe fill the void of his loss. He has definitely picked Hector out as a big role model for him and wants to one day be as successful as Hector. He wants to big an significant person that people will look up to.

Regarding Facts as Truth

Regarding Facts as TruthIn order to address the specific question, first, the word fact motivations to be defined. often associated with information and fellowship, a fact is a fairness that has been verified and is supported by objective evidence. This being said, facts ar limited by the scope of homo powerfulness and reality. Therefore, factual disputes erect occur and will examined within the areas of knowledge of art and score.Regarding facts as a truth, individuals can mention the theory of relativism which states that there is no absolute truth, so truth is considered relative to culture or the individual essentially, what is considered true for some, is considered false for others. Therefore, relativism allows both views to be validated. On the other hand, some can argue that truth is considered what an individual believes to be true. It is the mapping of our judgement, which stems from suit, that ultimately allows us to reach a conclusion. Therefore, facts as an aspect of truth can be matter to disputes even if the facts are clear, judgements may differ based on reason, emotion, sense perception, and nomenclature.This leads to the knowledge question, to what extent is reason secure in obtaining knowledge in history? History is the study of present evidence of the past. Using primary or secondary sources, historians try to study the past using these records. In history class, distinct historians perspectives are examined on one specific event. For example, regarding German international policy, intentionalist historian Hugh Trevor- Roper stated Hitler was a man of ideas that had clear strategic objectives in foreign policy and war. On the other hand, structuralist AJP Taylor argued Hitlers foreign policies were essentially a continuation of imperial German motives and aimed to overturn the terms of the Versailles Treaty. These two historians can have differing views since they use reason to reach a contrasting conclusion. Therefore, i t is the methodology of history as an area of knowledge which requires the use of reason by which individuals not only fail and construct their own ideas, but also, in which people can collectively create meaning by exchanging and improving these ideas. It is through reason that the legitimacy of knowledge claims can be questioned and answered. When disagreements occur, not only do the facts and subject of the matter need to be questioned, the evidence which allow facts to be accepted or valid need to be questioned. As individuals seek to determine the validity of facts, other issues will arise, such as reliability, and will allow them to consider the purpose of depth psychology in the framework of history and the issue of truth defined in the context of history. The recitations and perspectives of individuals based on their process of reason will invite analysis.In one case, Historian R.G Collingwood (1889-1943) drew attention to the importance of going beyond the study of the ac tual historical event and understanding the motives and reasons behind those involved to understand the event as a whole.1 This involves using emotion, imagination, and reason in order to evaluate the actions and thought process behind an event. However, if may difficult to sympathize with legitimate events or historical figures like Hitler, Pol Pot, etc. this may cause an overload of emotion and instead cause social bias. Poor ability to reason can cause ignorance and prejudice, which in certain cases in the methodology of history, can be a limitation. A counterclaim to this is that reason is limited to the human ability and therefore, there may be certain things we, as humans, do not have the capacity to comprehend.Another way of knowing that comes into mind when mentioning reason, is language. So, to what extent do reason and language work together to achieve certainty in history? As the framework of history depends on language and the communication of information, we need to un derstand the meaning of language before truth can be analyzed. In history class, our class held a discussion in which we discussed the demands of the French revolutionaries which were slaked by 1794. Depending on how the word, demand, was interpreted, students came up with different solvents. For example, I interpreted the word demand as the social, intellectual, economic, and religious goals of the revolutionaries. Therefore, different people reason the meaning of language differently which can cause disagreement despite access to the same facts. However, it is important to keep in mind that there are aspects of truth that cannot be described adequately with language.Moving on to the second area of knowledge, art, is focused on sense perception and emotion. We can call something art because the intentions of the artist are cognize something is a work of art if the maker intended it to evoke an aesthetic response. We can call something art as the intentions of the artist are know n and was intended to evoke some sort of response. Another individual can call something art by assessing the quality of the work. According to the methodology of art, art relies upon the personalised knowledge of the artist and is meant to interact with the audience on an emotional level. Therefore, art and the response to art may change over time and differ between individuals because art relies on sense perception and emotion as ways of knowing. Therefore, it is accepted that there are certain standards to judge art by, but different people have different tastes based on their perceptions and emotions towards a specific piece of art.This leads to the knowledge question, to what extent are sense perception and emotion reliable in interpreting reality in the arts? Upon viewing Jackson Pollocks Convergence painting, I personally thought the painting looked like a pip-squeak could have painted it, but my sister loved the painting. For both my sister and I, we first used our sense p erception and based on these senses, we constructed a sanctioned understanding and meaning of what we were seeing. This was affected by the emotions that were sparked from what we sensed. Essentially we were using our perception and emotion to understand what we were sensing. From this basic understanding, we built on it by drawing on past experiences or encounters. Therefore, based on these aspects, it is possible that my sister and I could reach different conclusions on how this piece of art was viewed. In this way, depending on the response evoked by each individual, art can influence our views and perceptions of the world. This can lead to confirmation bias and willful ignorance as we tend to favour the interpretation that coincides with our own interests and experiences. However, the emotions that are provoked can influence decisions and actions and it may challenge us to question our assumptions. A counterclaim is that despite the different perspectives and emotions that are evoked, truth is not guaranteed. Despite the interpretations and the response of the individual, the certainty of truth is not whole.Therefore, it is possible that experts within a discipline can disagree despite having access to the same facts as seen in history and the arts. These facts are reliant upon reason, sense perception, emotion, and language. I view disagreements similarly to perspectives according to the cubist theory of truth, the more perspectives you have, the closer you are to the truth. Even though truth can vary with perspective, this does not mean there is no truth at all. In fact, different views can amend our understanding of the truth and different interpretations give meaning to the facts. Furthermore, this allows us to avoid the fallacy of dogmatism, mistaking a half- truth for the truth, as well as the error of relativism.1 Boucher, D., 1989, The Social and Political Thought of R. G. Collingwood, Cambridge Cambridge University Press.

mental disorder; DSM-IV

mental distemper DSM-IVDSM-IVDSM-IV is a mixed bag of mental disorders that was developed for practice session in clinical, educational, and enquiry settings. What the DSM attempts to do is have specific criteria for specific disorders, but at the same time, not have the manual be utilise in a cookbook fashion. Meaning that the specific diagnostic criteria in the DSM atomic number 18 meant to serve as guidelines concurrently with clinical judgment. As we all know, each disorder included in the DSM has a set of diagnostic criteria that signify what symptoms must be present in order to meet the criteria for a diagnosis. Conversely, there are some disorders where there are symptoms that must not be present in order for an someone to be eligible for the diagnosis. A strong principal of this particular set-up of the DSM manual makes finding the disorder and its diagnostic criteria easier because of its conciseness. The use of the DSM diagnostic criteria to diagnose has been shown to increase diagnostic reliability.As noted above, the DSM-IV is a manual that helps scheme mental disorders. A major strength is that healthcare professionals such as physicians, psychologist, psychiatrists, and new(prenominal)s combined their resources and knowledge to create a universal manual (Well in the US anyways). Also, the DSM is utilize for appropriate coding for billing and insurance purposes which, for most psychologists, is imperative in order to receive reimbursement for treatment. DSM IV allows researchers anywhere to gather together a group of patients who meet the described criteria for the disorder, try different treatments, and compare the results. The diagnosis is universal. Thus, a given percentage of patients with social phobia might be helped by placebo, and if a greater number will be helped by paroxetine, or gabapentin, or cognitive behavioral therapy, or whatever the treatment in the research design might be, then these treatments can be designated effe ctive if statistical significance is reached. Evidence based treatment appeals to the FDA and, more importantly, seemingly appeals to common sense. empiric data is usually far more valuable than theories and controversy that cannot be backed up by a test of the facts. In recent days evidence based medicine has become a rallying cause. Pressures are exerted for it to become the standard of care. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States. It is intended to be applicable in a wide array of contexts and used by clinicians and researchers of many different orientations (e.g., biological, psychodynamic, cognitive, behavioral, interpersonal, family/ systems). DSM-IV has been designed for use across settings, inpatient, outpatient, partial hospital, consultation-liaison, clinic, private practice, and primary care, and with community populations and by psychiatr ists, psychologists, social workers, nurses, occupational and rehabilitation therapists, counselors, and other health and mental health professionals. It is also a necessary tool for collecting and communicating accurate public health statistics. The DSM consists of three major components the diagnostic classification, the diagnostic criteria sets, and the descriptive text.They have again missed the opportunity to note that although terms such as neurosis, hysteria and neurasthenia are not disorders in the DSM system, they are widely used throughout the rest of the world none of these three terms is given an entry in the general index to the volume. This is a especially unfortunate omission with regard to neurasthenia, since it means that the claim about taking notice of recent research cannot be taken very seriously. ? One of the weaknesses of the DSM system has always been the frequently available option of including the social effects of disorders in the criteria by which the sam e disorders are identified.The DSM-IV is a categorical classification system. The categories are prototypes, and a patient with a close approximation to the prototype is said to have that disorder. DSM-IV states, there is no assumption each category of mental disorder is a completely discrete entity with absolute boundaries but isolated, low-grade and noncriterion (unlisted for a given disorder) symptoms are not given importance.18 Qualifiers are sometimes used, for example mild, moderate or severe forms of a disorder. For nearly half the disorders, symptoms must be sufficient to cause clinically significant distress or hurt in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning, although DSM-IV-TR removed the distress criterion from tic disorders and several of the paraphilias. Each category of disorder has a numeric code taken from the ICD coding system, used for health service (including insurance) administrative purposes.patronage caveats in the introduction to the DS M, it has long been mootd that its system of classification makes unjustified categorical distinctions between disorders, and uses arbitrary cut-offs between universal and abnormal. A 2009 psychiatric review noted that attempts to demonstrate natural boundaries between related DSM syndromes, or between a common DSM syndrome and normality, have failed.4 Some argue that rather than a categorical approach, a fully dimensional, spectrum or complaint-oriented approach would better reflect the evidence.38394041In addition, it is argued that the current approach based on majestic a threshold of symptoms does not adequately take into account the context in which a person is living, and to what extent there is internal disorder of an individual versus a psychological response to adverse situations.4243 The DSM does include a step (Axis IV) for outlining Psychosocial and environmental factors contributing to the disorder once someone is diagnosed with that particular disorder.Because an in dividuals degree of impairment is a lot not correlated with symptom counts, and can stem from various individual and social factors, the DSMs standard of distress or disability can often produce false positives.44 On the other hand, individuals who dont meet symptom counts may nevertheless experience comparable distress or disability in their life.Despite doubts about arbitrary cut-offs, yes/no decisions often need to be made (e.g. whether a person will be provided a treatment) and the rest of medicine is move to categories, so it is thought unlikely that any formal national or international classification will adopt a fully dimensional format.4 lineament

Forrest Gump Book Vs Movie English Literature Essay

Forrest Gump Book Vs Movie English Literature EssayForrest Gump Book vs. Movie compose in 1986 by Winston Groom, Forrest Gump was eventually made into a movie in 1994 and won an Academy Award. Both the book and its film concern the title character, a man who goes finished many obstacles and a occur of historical events around the world. Although both works explore the character of Forrest Gump and his lifelong journeys, the original book differs in many ways from its film version.The film portrays Forrest as a charming, mentally challenged man who b slumpens not only the people around him, but the world itself through his numerous encounters with celebrities, his brushes with key historical events, and much crucial through his down to earth attitude. The overall tone of the book is much darker than that of the easy going family film. In the book, Forrest does drugs while visiting Harvard, uses profanity, explores a c atomic number 18er as a professional wrestler, and even gambl es. Although the character in the book seems to mean well, he makes many destructive decisions and is sometimes has angry outbursts, unlike the character in the film.Forrest Gumps character in the novel is much different than that of the man portrayed by actor turkey cock Hanks. Grooms depiction of Gump is rougher, with Gump remaining very much a idiot throughout the entirety of the book, whereas by the end of the movie the character matures into a more thoughtful, wiser, and smarter person. Grooms Gump regularly enjoys marijuana, and although he does make his living from the shrimp business, his gives this business over to his crew deciding at the end of the novel to leave them to be a passage performer. Gump is much more of an idiot in the book, rather than Hanks lovable, mentally challenged portrayal. In the book Forrest can solve complex mathematical equations and is a musical vaticination and a gifted chess player.A number of important characters die throughout the course of the movie. Although this develops Forrest Gump as a character and guides his growing maturity in the wake of tragedy, these characters do not die in the novel. Forrests love interests, Jenny, as well as his mother, both live on at the close of the novel. Forrests set out is a dock worker rather than a white supremacist, and his mother never resorts to sexual favors in order to keep Forrest in school. In addition, important characters were left out of the film, including Forrests college roommate Curtis and a gorilla named Sue, whom Forrest befriends on his mission into space.Although Forrest takes part in historical events in both the movie and the book, a number of these events were altered, cancelled out completely, or invented for the movie. The book spans 26 chapters, while the film concerns itself with the first 11 chapters and certain events from the books final chapters, cancelling out a bunch of material. Forrest is a football star early in the book however, he is later described as overweight and not the movie versions avid runner. Forrests run crosswise the United States does not happen in the book, doesnt wear leg braces, doesnt marry Jenny, or even graduate college. The book also describes Forrests participation in a NASA mission into space, his time as an actor, his time spent amongst cannibals, and a scene in which he saves the life of Chairman Mao Zedong during a trip to China. These are some of the parts of the book that were cut from the film to keep it close to two hours.Now on to Forrest and Jenny relationship, we perceive that on the movie, they were actually friends. Their ups and downs show how Forrest loved Jenny, however she feels much sadness and compassion for him. She did not dream about marrying him or living with him. She had other intentions. In the book, she really loved Forrest, although world afraid of this feeling. She began one serious relationship with him and then finishes it when she sees him kissing another girl. Th en, she decides to live far from Forrest, although being pregnant with his child.At last, we see one more time that the ideas of the director of the movie and the author of the book are very different. In the movie, after Jennys death, Forrest looks after his son, what reveals that one more time he is estimate out as being more independent on the movie. In the book, Jenny marries another man and makes a family with little Forrest and her husband. She feels that Forrest would not be right raising the child.Compared towards books, movies loosely tend to focus more on gathering more people and earning more profit. In order for the movie to be profitable, it has to indulge peoples desires by including love story, the success of an ordinary person, and a happy ending. The director of the movie would probably have taken the risk of changing much of the original story, because he knew that such components of the movie could more effectively bring the moviegoers and drive him to success.

Visual Information Essay -- Anatomy, The Retina

Visual entropy is seen because light passes through the cornea and is focused by the lens system as an inverted image on the retina (Ellis, 2004). The retina is composed of photoreceptor cells rods and cones with the greatest density of cones situated within the fovea, thus vision is sharpest for images and information bug outed to the fovea (Ellis, 2004). subsequently visual information of lateralized foveal stimuli projects to the cerebral hemisphere within the brain. In the brain, the odd visual hemifield projects to the right hemisphere and the right visual hemifield projects to the left hemisphere (Lavidor, Ellis, Shillcock & Bland, 2001). for the most part for most individuals (in particular right handed), visual recognition of words and information is more efficient for display within the right visual field. However it is debated whether foveal information lateralized within the left or right visual field is double-projected to both hemispheres or unilaterally projected to the contralateral hemisphere because the fovea is anatomically transgress and there is differential contribution of the two hemiretinae. Two theories have been put forward regarding how visual information is projected to the hemispheres. According to the breach fovea opening, hemispheric division in processes occurs right up to the point of fixation. When the eyes are fixated within a written word visual information about the garner falling to the left of fixation initially projects to the right cerebral hemisphere, whilst visual information about the letters falling to the right of fixation project to the left cerebral hemisphere. Foveal processing is split so precisely at the vertical midline that all letters at either side of fixation project (unilaterally) to th... ...occurring in foveal vision away from the midline however this is not visible or obvious when recognition of visual information occurs. There is an overlap at the centre of the fovea where information projec ts simultaneously to both hemispheres, this being consistent with the bilateral theory. On the other hand, split fovea theory is an interesting theory of fixation effects that has been inspired by previous research unconnected with split fovea theory and thus incapable of providing appropriate evidence. More recently, split fovea theory has been based on experiments conducted specifically in its stake but in which fixation locations were not monitored and stimuli exceeded foveal vision. It is good to see that research in the area is beginning to improve but it is difficult to be enthusiastic about any theory when there is no compelling evidence to support it.

The Role of Mama in A Raisin in the Sun Essay examples -- A Raisin in t

In the 1950s through the 1960s wo men were not respected in there everyday lives, in the job field or in general. They did not have the rights they deserved, so during this time the womens movement began. Women fought for their rights and fought for the self-respect that they thought they deserved. In the acquire A Raisin in the insolate by Lorraine Hansberry, the character Mama, expresses her whole tones of pushing or extracting a new side for a woman. Her role explains that woman can be independent and can live for themselves. through and through her behavior in this play she demonstrates that women can support and guide a family. Mama is in charge of the family, which is unusual, since men are traditionally the head of a family. Through Mamas wisdom and dialect she expresses and portrays an image of pro-feminism. Mamas experience in the play A Raisin in the Sun illustrates the expressions, the emotions, and the feeling with which Mama and women had to cope. She was able to char acterize this through her passionate dreams, her control and her strong willed attitude. Mama is a powerful, strong witted person. She has a lot of control in this play and dominates as a woman character. This is unusual because this is usually a males position in conduct. She is a woman, who has adjusted to many things in life and overcome many more, her face is full of strength. In this play she is illustrated as taking over for the head of the family and controls the lives of everyone in her house. Rules are followed to Mamas extent. She controls what is said and done in her house. After Walter yells, WILL SOMEBODY PLEASE LISTEN TO ME TODAY (70). Mama responds in a strong tone of spokesperson saying, I dont low no yellin in this house, Walter Lee, a... ...rs household most women in this period had no self-respect and were controlled by their husbands.In A Raisin in the Sun, Mama illuminates the fact that woman can exist and can do positive things in the world on th ere own. By Mamas role, she shows that women can live on their own without the guidance of men. Mamas strong bold attitude overcame the aspirations of the struggle between men and women, which led to clarifying the book as a guide to the upbringing of the womens movement. Through Mamas desires, the play A Raisin in the Sun examines the expressions, the emotions and the feelings of what woman had to cope with during the 1950s and 1960s. Mamas dreams and her attitude designed a new path for woman to walk on. Through Mamas conduct this play reveals a positive attitude towards the womens movement and represents that woman can survive on their own.